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We follow every include, count the DNS lookups against the limit of 10, flag empty lookups, duplicate records and risky endings, and suggest a corrected record when the fix is mechanical.
01 How SPF breaks
SPF rarely fails loudly. A record can look fine in your DNS panel and still be treated as broken by every receiver. These are the usual causes.
Every include, a, mx, ptr, exists and redirect costs a DNS lookup, and includes pull in their own. Past ten, receivers stop and return a permanent error, which counts as a fail.
A domain may publish exactly one record starting v=spf1. Adding a second one for a new tool, instead of merging, breaks SPF for all of your mail.
An include or a mechanism pointing at a name with nothing in DNS is a “void” lookup. More than two of those is also a permanent error.
~all and -all tell receivers to distrust everyone else. ?all says nothing, and +all authorises the entire internet to send as you.
02 Questions
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